University of Bath startup creates sustainable power from bacterial batteries – ‘Bacteries’ – that harvest electricity from soil

A new startup company is leading the charge to a new form of sustainable power, by creating a battery that recharges itself when placed in soil.

Bactery, a University of Bath spinout company, has developed bacteria-powered batteries – or ‘Bacteries’ – which harvest green energy from soil by taking advantage of natural processes that occur in microorganisms within it.

The company’s CEO, Dr Jakub Dziegielowski, who undertook a PhD in Chemical Engineering at the University before setting up the company, says: “Our initial goal is to leverage the unique Bactery technology to accelerate the shift toward digitalisation within the agriculture sector.”

As precision agriculture continues to demonstrate its effectiveness in boosting yields and conserving resources, the demand for sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices continues to rise. These electronics collect and relay data on the state of the fields, empowering farmers to make well-informed decisions.

However, current ‘on-farm’ power delivery methods, such as obstructive cabling, single-use chemical batteries, and weather-dependent solar panels largely restrict deployment of Agri-data solutions. Recognising this, Bactery will offer a more practical, affordable, and reliable means of powering these electronics, through soil itself.

The technology has a useable lifespan of over 25 years, and an anticipated cost of around £25 per unit with no maintenance expenses, with the company promising ‘install and forget’ functionality.

How Bactery technology works 

Bactery’s technology builds on Soil Microbial Fuel Cells (SMFCs), which harness energy from the metabolic activity of specific microorganisms known as electrigens, naturally present in soil. Electrigens have the unique ability to generate electrons during the consumption of organic compounds. These electrons are ‘grabbed’ by the SMFCs and are forced to travel through an external circuit, producing electricity.

The team proved the concept in 2019, by building a soil-powered water disinfection system for decentralised communities. The prototype was tested in Icapuí, a fishing village in a remote semi-arid part of North-East Brazil, where the main source of drinking water is rainwater and access to a reliable power network is scarce.

Since then, the company has developed a way to effectively scale and sustain electricity generation. They achieved this using innovative designs and custom energy harvesting strategies, tailored to the biological processes in the ground. The firm will spend the upcoming 12 months refining their prototypes before advancing towards small-scale production. Ahead of the 2026 product launch, the team is inviting potential collaborators and investors in relevant fields to get in touch.  

Bactery’s directors also include Chemical Engineer Professor Mirella Di Lorenzo, and Electronic Engineer Dr Ben Metcalfe. Both are based in the University’s Faculty of Engineering & Design and are Deputy Directors of CBio, the Centre for Bioengineering & Biomedical Technologies.

Prof Mirella Di Lorenzo said: “Farmers are increasingly valuing the importance of data to make informed decisions towards resource-efficient agricultural practises. We are removing the barrier to generating that data by creating a sustainable way to power sensors, and making them always-on, cheap, low-maintenance and low-impact.”

Dr Ben Metcalfe added: “This is a powerful illustration of how our Bactery technology could be used, but this is just the first application of what we believe is a great method of generating clean energy in an innovative, sustainable way.”

Dr Jakub Dziegielowski concluded: “Bringing our product to this stage and putting theory into practice through several years of research has been a challenging, yet incredibly rewarding experience. It wouldn’t have been possible without our great team and the support of many others along the way.

“I am excited to see the company make a positive difference in agriculture, and in other sectors. We look forward to sharing more about the upcoming advancements of Bactery technology and future applications in the near future.”

Bactery was spun-out with the support of the Technology Transfer team in Research and Innovation Services (RIS) at the University of Bath.

About The University of Bath 

The University of Bath is one of the UK's leading universities, with a reputation for high-impact research, excellence in education, student experience and graduate prospects. 

We are ranked 5th in the UK in the Complete University Guide 2024, 6th in the Guardian University Guide 2024 and 8th in The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2024. We are also ranked among the world’s top 10% of universities, placing 150th in the QS World University Rankings 2025. Bath was rated in the world’s top 10 universities for sport in the QS World University Ranking by Subject 2024.

We produce some of the world’s most job-ready graduates and were named University of the Year for Graduate Jobs by the Daily Mail University Guide 2024.

Research from Bath is helping to change the world for the better. Across the University’s three Faculties and School of Management, our research is making an impact in society, leading to low-carbon living, positive digital futures, and improved health and wellbeing.